Prague Med. Rep. 2023, 124, 5-15

https://doi.org/10.14712/23362936.2023.1

Janus Kinase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Alopecia Areata

Athanasios J. Stefanis

Department of Dermatovenerology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic

Received September 11, 2022
Accepted January 13, 2023

References

1. Alkhalifah, A., Alsantali, A., Wang, E., McElwee, K. J., Shapiro, J. (2010) Alopecia areata update: Part II. Treatment. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 62(2), 191–204. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2009.10.031>
2. Anzai, A., Wang, E., Lee, E. Y., Aoki, V., Christiano, A. M. (2019) Pathomechanisms of immune-mediated alopecia. Int. Immunol. 31(7), 439–447. <https://doi.org/10.1093/intimm/dxz039>
3. Bayart, C., Deniro, K., Brichta, L., Craiglow, B. G., Sidbury, R. (2017) Topical Janus kinase inhibitors for the treatment of pediatric alopecia areata. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 77(1), 167–170. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2017.03.024>
4. ClinicalTrials.gov (2022) Long-term PF-06651600 for the treatment of alopecia areata (ALLEGRO-LT). Accessed June 25, 2022. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04006457
5. Craiglow, B., King, B. (2014) Killing two birds with one stone: Oral tofacitinib reverses alopecia universalis in a patient with plaque psoriasis. J. Invest. Dermatol. 134(12), 2988–2990. <https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2014.260>
6. Darwin, E., Hirt, P. A., Fertig, R., Doliner, B., Delcanto, G., Jimenez, J. J. (2018) Alopecia areata: Review of epidemiology, clinical features, pathogenesis, and new treatment options. Int. J. Trichology 10(2), 51–60. <https://doi.org/10.4103/ijt.ijt_99_17>
7. Dillon, K. L. (2021) A comprehensive literature review of JAK inhibitors in treatment of alopecia areata. Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol. 25(14), 691–714. <https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S309215>
8. European Medicines Agency (2017) Olumiant. Updated June 29, 2022. Accessed August 26, 2022. Available at: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/olumiant
9. European Medicines Agency (2017) Xeljanz. Updated July 8, 2022. Accessed September 5, 2022. Available at: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/xeljanz
10. Fragoulis, G., McInnes, I., Siebert, S. (2019) JAK-inhibitors. New players in the field of immune-mediated diseases, beyond rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 58, i43–i54 (Suppl. 1). <https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/key276>
11. Goh, C., Finkel, M., Christos, P. J., Sinha, A. A. (2006) Profile of 513 patients with alopecia areata: Associations of disease subtypes with atopy, autoimmune disease and positive family history. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. 20(9), 1055–1060. <https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2006.01676.x>
12. Hoisnard, L., Lebrun-Vignes, B., Maury, S., Mahevas, M., Karoui, K. E., Roy, L., Zarour, A., Michel, M., Cohen, J. L., Amiot, A., Claudepierre, P., Wolkenstein, P., Grimbert, P., Sbidian, E. (2022) Adverse events associated with JAK inhibitors in 126,815 reports from the WHO pharmacovigilance database. Sci. Rep. 12(1), 7140. <https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-10777-w>
13. Jabbari, A., Sansarcq, F., Cerise, J., Chen, J. J., Bitterman, A., Ulerio, G., Borbon, J., Clynes, R., Christiano, A. M., Mackay-Wiggan, J. (2018) An open-label pilot study to evaluate the efficacy of tofacitinib in moderate to severe patch type alopecia areata, totalis, and universalis. J. Invest. Dermatol. 138(7), 1539–1545. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2018.01.032>
14. Jorgensen, S. C., Tabbara, N., Burry, L. (2022) A review of COVID-19 therapeutics in pregnancy and lactation. Obstet. Med. 15(4), 225–232. <https://doi.org/10.1177/1753495X211056211>
15. Kennedy, C. M., Ko, J., Craiglow, B., Li, S., Shankar, G., Urban, J. R., Chen, J. C., Cerise, J. E., Jabbari, A., Winge, M. C., Marinkovich, M. P., Christiano, A. M., Oro, A. E., King, B. A. (2016) Safety and efficacy of the JAK inhibitor tofacitinib citrate in patients with alopecia areata. JCI Insight 1(15), e89776.
16. Kerschbaumer, A., Smolen, J. S., Nash, P., Doerner, T., Dougados, M., Fleischmann, R., Geissler, K., McInnes, I. B., Takeuchi, T., Trauner, M., Winthrop, K., de Wit, M., Boehncke, W. H., Falzon, L., van der Heijde, D. (2020) Points to consider for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases with Janus kinase inhibitors: A systematic literature research. RMD Open 6(3), e001374. <https://doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001374>
17. King, B., Ohyama, M., Kwon, O., Zlotogorski, A., Ko, J., Mesinkovska, N. A., Hordinsky, M., Dutronc, Y., Wu, W. S., McCollam, J., Chiasserini, C., Yu, G., Stanley, S., Holzwarth, K., DeLozier, A. M., Sinclair, R.; BRAVE-AA Investigators (2022) Two phase 3 trials of baricitinib for alopecia areata. N. Engl. J. Med. 386(18), 1687–1699. <https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2110343>
18. Liu, E., Aslam, N., Nigam, G., Limdi, J. K. (2022) Tofacitinib and newer JAK inhibitors in inflammatory bowel disease – Where we are and where we are going. Drugs Context 11, 2021-11-4. <https://doi.org/10.7573/dic.2021-11-4>
19. Liu, L. Y., Craiglow, B. G., Dai, F., King, B. A. (2017) Tofacitinib for the treatment of severe alopecia areata and variants: A study of 90 patients. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 76(1), 22–28. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2016.09.007>
20. Liu, L. Y., Craiglow, B. G., King, B. A. (2018) Tofacitinib 2% ointment, a topical Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of alopecia areata: A pilot study of 10 patients. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 78(2), 403–404. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2017.10.043>
21. Ma, C., Jairath, V., Vande Casteele, N. (2019) Pharmacology, efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors in Crohn’s disease. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol. 38–39, 101606. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpg.2019.03.002>
22. Mackay-Wiggan, J., Jabbari, A., Nguyen, N., Cerise, J. E., Clark, C., Ulerio, G., Furniss, M., Vaughan, R., Christiano, A. M., Clynes, R. (2016) Oral ruxolitinib induces hair-growth in patients with moderate-severe alopecia areata. JCI Insight 1(15), e89790. <https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.89790>
23. National Center for Biotechnology Information (2022) PubChem Compound Summary for CID 44205240, Baricitinib. Accessed November 27, 2022. Available at: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Baricitinib
24. National Center for Biotechnology Information (2022) PubChem Compound Summary for CID 25126798, Ruxolitinib. Accessed November 27, 2022. Available at: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Ruxolitinib
25. National Center for Biotechnology Information (2022) PubChem Compound Summary for CID 9926791, Tofacitinib. Accessed November 27, 2022. Available at: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Tofacitinib
26. Ohyama, M. (2018) What is behind the “swarm of bees” in alopecia areata. Br. J. Dermatol. 179(5), 1023–1024. <https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.17142>
27. Olsen, E. A., Kornacki, D., Sun, K., Hordinsky, M. K. (2020) Ruxolitinib cream for the treatment of patients with alopecia areata: A 2-part, double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled phase 2 study. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 82(2), 412–419. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2019.10.016>
28. Paus, R., Ito, N., Takigawa, M., Ito, T. (2003) The hair follicle and immune privilege. J. Investig. Dermatol. Symp. Proc. 8(2), 188–194. <https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1087-0024.2003.00807.x>
29. Pfizer (2021) Pfizer announces positive top-line results from phase 2b/3 trial of ritlecitinib in alopecia areata. Press release. Accessed June 20, 2022. Available at: https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-announces-positive-top-line-results-phase-2b3-trial
30. Ramírez-Marín, H. A., Tosti, A. (2022) Evaluating the therapeutic potential of ritlecitinib for the treatment of alopecia areata. Drug Des. Devel. Ther. 16, 363–374. <https://doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S334727>
31. Rochman, Y., Spolski, R., Leonard, W. J. (2009) New insights into the regulation of T cells by gamma(c) family cytokines. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 9(7), 480–490. <https://doi.org/10.1038/nri2580>
32. Shi, J. G., Chen, X., Lee, F., Emm, T., Scherle, P. A., Lo, Y., Punwani, N., Williams, W. V., Yeleswaram, S. (2014) The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of baricitinib, an oral JAK 1/2 inhibitor, in healthy volunteers. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 54(12), 1354–1361. <https://doi.org/10.1002/jcph.354>
33. Triyangkulsri, K., Suchonwanit, P. (2018) Role of Janus kinase inhibitors in the treatment of alopecia areata. Drug Des. Devel. Ther. 12, 2323–2335. <https://doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S172638>
34. Trueb, R., Dutra, H., Dias, M. (2018) A comment on JAK inhibitors for treatment of alopecia areata. Int. J. Trichology 10(5), 193–197. <https://doi.org/10.4103/ijt.ijt_62_18>
35. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2022) FDA Approves First Systemic Treatment for Alopecia Areata. Released June 13, 2022. Updated June 13, 2022. Accessed June 22, 2022. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-systemic-treatment-alopecia-areata
36. Villasante Fricke, A. C., Miteva, M. (2015) Epidemiology and burden of alopecia areata: A systematic review. Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol. 8, 397–403.
37. Waśkiel, A., Rakowska, A., Sikora, M., Olszewska, M., Rudnicka, L. (2018) Trichoscopy of alopecia areata: An update. J. Dermatol. 45(6), 692–700. <https://doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.14283>
38. Winnette, R., Banerjee, A., Sikirica, V., Peeva, E., Wyrwich, K. (2022) Characterizing the relationships between patient-reported outcomes and clinician assessments of alopecia areata in a phase 2a randomized trial of ritlecitinib and brepocitinib. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. 36(4), 602–609. <https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.17909>
39. Zhou, C., Li, X., Wang, C., Zhang, J. (2021) Alopecia areata: An update on etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol. 61, 403–423. <https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-021-08883-0>
front cover

ISSN 1214-6994 (Print) ISSN 2336-2936 (Online)

Archive